Piano Hammer References

This list of references was compiled in 1996 and does not include the many more recent papers that have been published on the subject since then.

  1. H. A. Conklin, Jr. "Piano design factors --- their influence on tone and acoustical performance," in Five Lectures on the Acoustics of the Piano, ed. A. Askenfelt (Royal Swedish Acad. of Music, Stockholm, 1990)

  2. J. I. Dunlop, "Nonlinear vibration properties of felt pads," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 911-917 (1990)

  3. F. G. Tyzzer and H. G. Hardy, "The Properties of Felt in the Reduction of Noise and Vibration," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 19, 872-878 (1947)

  4. J. I. Dunlop, "On the Compression Characteristics of Fibre Masses," J. Text. Inst. 74, 92-97 (1983)

  5. D. E. Hall, "Piano string excitation in the case of a small hammer mass," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 141-147 (1986)

  6. D. E. Hall, "Piano string excitation II: General solution for a hard narrow hammer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 535-546 (1987)

  7. D. E. Hall, "Piano string excitation III: General solution for a soft narrow hammer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 547-555 (1987)

  8. D. E. Hall, "Piano string excitation IV: The question of missing modes," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 1913-1918 (1987)

  9. D. E. Hall and A. Askenfelt, "Piano string excitation V: Spectra for real hammers and strings," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1627-1633 (1988)

  10. D. E. Hall, "Piano string excitation VI: Nonlinear modeling," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92, 95-105 (1992)

  11. D. E. Hall and A. Askenfelt, " Measuring piano hammers and modeling their interaction," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 84, S134 (1988)

  12. H. Suzuki, "Model analysis of a force-deformation characteristic of a piano hammer," CBS Interim Report (February 1985, unpublished)

  13. H. Suzuki, "Model analysis of a hammer-string interaction," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82 1145-1151 (1987)

  14. H. Suzuki and I. Nakamura, "Acoustics of pianos," Appl. Acoust. 30, 147-205 (1990)

  15. X. Boutillon, "Model for piano hammers: Experimental determination and digital simulation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 746-754 (1988)

  16. I. Bork, "Measuring the Acoustical Properties of Mallets," Appl. Acoust. 30, 207-218 (1990)

  17. J. T. Broch, Mechanical Vibration and Shock Measurements, 2nd ed. (Br\"uel \& Kj\ae r, Naerum, Denmark, 1984). Chap. 3 and Appendix D

  18. C. T. Morrow, "Introduction to Data Reduction, Testing, and Specification," Chap. 20 of Shock and Vibration Handbook, 3rd ed, ed. C. M. Harris, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988)

  19. R. S. Ayre, "Transient Response to Step and Pulse Functions," Chap. 8 of Shock and Vibration Handbook, 3rd ed, ed. C. M. Harris, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988)

  20. C. T. Morrow, Shock and Vibration Engineering, (John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., New York, 1963)

  21. S. Rubin, "Concept in Shock Data Analysis," Chap. 23 of Shock and Vibration Handbook, 3rd ed, ed. C. M. Harris, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988)

  22. T. Yanagisawa, K. Nakamura, and H. Aiko, "Experimental study on force-time curve during the contact between between hammer and piano string," J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn., 37, 627-633 (1981) (in Japanese)

  23. T. Yanagisawa and K. Nakamura, "Dynamic compression characteristics of piano hammer felt," J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn., 40, 725-729 (1984) (in Japanese)

  24. A. Askenfelt and E. V. Jansson, "From touch to string vibrations. I: Timing in the grand piano action," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 88, 52-62 (1990)

  25. A. Askenfelt and E. V. Jansson, "From touch to string vibrations. II: The motion of the key and hammer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90 2383-2393 (1991)

  26. A. Askenfelt and E. V. Jansson, "From touch to string vibrations. III: String motion and spectra," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93 2181-2196 (1993)

  27. H. Suzuki, "Modeling of a hammer-shank system," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1, 83 (1987) KK2

  28. E. D. Blackham, "The Physics of the Piano," Sci. Am. 213 (6), 88-96 (1965)